Prevention, treatment and cure for COVID-19
Abstract
Few months ago, COVID-19 was totally foreign to all but now it has spread its route in India. Starting from one case, the virus has spread in every corner of India. Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infection cause by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The infection expresses as mild flu to severe acute respiratory infection. World health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic disease. Even with the implementation of strong international travel restriction, by a large number of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the spread of virus worldwide. At global level, scientific communities including various healthcare professionals are working to understand the virological, epidemiological and clinic aspects of COVID-19 in order to identify effective drugs and vaccines. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has formulated several guidelines, advisory for social distancing, diagnosis and management of the disease.
Keywords:
COVID-19, Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Arsenicum Album, Ayush Kadha Immunity Booster, Sputnik-V, COVAXIN, Coronil, Convalescent Plasma Therapy, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)
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References
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https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04437875
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https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/yoga-guidelines.pdf
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323106988_Yoga_and_immune_system_functioning_a_systematic_review_of_randomized_controlled_trials
41. Shirvani H, Rostamkhani F. Exercise considerations during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: A Narrative Review. Journal of Military Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Apr 14 [cited 2020 Aug 11]; 22(2): 161-168. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340634089_Exercise_Considerations_During_Coronavirus_Disease_COVID-19_Outbreak_A_Narrative_Review
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342426738_Meditation_and_Yoga_Practices_as_Potential_Adjunctive_Treatment_of_SARS-CoV-2_Infection_and_COVID-19_A_Brief_Overview_of_Key_Subjects
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2. Bhattacharya S, Kosey S. Quarantine and Isolation are two integral pillars to Dodge COVID-19 outbreak. The Open dentistry Journal [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 24]; 14: 345-347.Available from:
https://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TODENTJ/TODENTJ-14-345.pdf
3. G. Emmi, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune Reviews [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 29]; 19(6): 102575. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102575
4. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. Pathogenesis and treatment of the Cytokine storm in COVID-19. Journal of infection [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 25]; 80(6):607-613. Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32283152/
5. McGongale D, Sharif K, O’Regan A, Bridgewood C. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome like disease. Autoimmune Reviews [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 30]; 19: 102537. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537
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https://dhs.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/ 03/reg_12032020.pdf
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https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s345fbc6d3e05ebd93369ce542e8f2322d/uploads/2020/04/2020040421.pdf
8. Guidelines on clinical management of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in suspect/confirmed novel coronavirus (nCoV) cases. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India [Internet]. 2020 Mar 13 [cited 2020 Aug 1]. Available from:
https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Guidelines%20on%20Clinical%20management%20of%20severe%20acute%20respiratory%20illness.pdf
9. Homeopathic Perspectives in COVID-19 Corona Virus Infection. Central Council for Research in Homeopathy [Internet]. [cited 2020 Aug 1]. Available from:
https://www.ccrhindia.nic.in/showimg.aspx?ID=15677
10. Abhishek Padhi, Swatantra Kumar, Ekta Gupta, Shailendra kumar. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Medical Virology: from Pathogenesis to Disease control [Internet]. 2020 Apr 30 [cited 2020 Jul 25]; 95-107. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189402/
11. COVID-19 Testing. American Society of Microbilogy [Internet]. 2020 Aug 19 [cited 2020 Aug 30]. Available from:
https://asm.org/Articles/2020/April/COVID-19-Testing-FAQs
12. Kageyama T, Kojima S, Shinohara M, Uchida K, Fukushi S, Hoshino F, Takeda N, Kateyama K. Broadly Reactive and Highly Sensitive Assay for Norwalk like Viruses based on Real-Time Quantitative reverse Transcription-PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbilogy [Internet]. 2003 Apr [cited 2020 Aug 2]; 41(4): 1548-1557.Available from:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12682144/
13. Revised Guideline on Clinical Management of COVID-19. Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division) [Internet]. 2020 Mar 13 [cited 2020 Aug 16]; 1-20. Available from:
https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/RevisedNationalClinicalManagementGuidelineforCOVID1931032020.pdf
14. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) advice for the public. World Health Organization [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 31]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
15. Clinical Management Protocol: COVID-19. Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division). [Internet]. 2020 Jun 13 [cited 2020 Aug 4]; version 3; 1-21. Available from:
https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ClinicalManagementProtocolforCOVID19.pdf
16. Bala R, Srivastava A. Historical Journey of Homeopathy during Epidemic disease in the Light of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research [Internet]. 2020 Apr [cited 2020 Jul 26]; 5(2); 215-233. Available from:
https://ijshr.com/IJSHR_Vol.5_Issue.2_April2020/IJSHR0029.pdf
17. Nossaman N. Introduction to Homeopathy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. American institute of Homeopathy [Internet]. 2020 Apr 16 [cited 2020 Aug 2]. Available from:
https://www.homeopathyusa.org/
18. Homeopathic Medicines [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 12]. Available from:
https://www.boironusa.com/education-training/faq
19. Barngarwala T. Arsenicum Album 30: A Homeopathic drug touted as effective against COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 Jun 3 [cited 2020 Aug 12]. Available from:
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/debate-over-a-homoeo-drug-arsenicum-album-coronavirus-vaccine-6439697/
20. Lad V. The complete Book of Ayurvedic Home Remedies, New York, Three Rivers Press [Internet]. 1996 [cited 2020 Aug 12]. Available from: https://ia802808.us.archive.org/21/items/TheCompleteBookOfAyurvedicHomeRemedies/The%20Complete%20Book%20of%20Ayurvedic%20Home%20Remedies.pdf
21. Charaka Janapadoddhvamsaniyam Vimana: Epidemic Disease [Internet]. 2016 Jun 29 [cited 2020 Aug 26 Chapter 3. Available from:
https://www.easyayurveda.com/2016/06/29/charaka-janapadoddhvamsaniyam-vimana-3rd-chapter/
22. Tiwari S, Talreja S. An overview on Coronil Drug. Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 2020 Jul [cited 2020 Aug 9]; 11(3):8242-8247. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342826030_AN_OVERVIEW_ON_CORONIL_DRUG
23. Guduchi (Tinospore Cordifolia)- Giloy Uses, Benefits, Dosage and Properties [Internet]. 2020 Apr 26 [cited 2020 Aug 8]. Available from:
https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/guduchi-giloy-tinospora-cordifolia/
24. Guidelines for Ayurveda Practitioners for COVID-19. Government of India. Ministry of Ayush [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from:
https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/ayurved-guidlines.pdf
25. Sood T, Pathak M, Pathak S. A Review on Janapadoddhvamsa with special reference to COVID-19. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research [Internet]. 2020 Mar 22 [cited 2020 Jul 25]; 6(4):136-141. Available from:
https://www.wjpmr.com/download/article/66032020/1585909714.pdf
26. Ayurvedic Immunity Booster Measures. Ministry of Ayush [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from:
https://www.ayush.gov.in/
27. Guidelines for Naturopathy Practitioners for COVID-19. Government of India. Ministry of Ayush [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from:
https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/naturopathy-guidelines.pdf
28. Anti COVID: 5 essential things to do daily do for boosting immunity [Internet]. 2020 Jul 27 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from:
https://www.indiatvnews.com/health/anti-covid-5-essential-things-to-do-daily-for-boosting-immunity-637406
29. Craven Jeff. COVID-19 vaccine tracker [Internet]. 2020 Sep 3 [cited 2020 Aug 29]. Available from:
https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker
30. Writer Staff. World’s first COVID-19 vaccine? Russia successfully completes clinical trials [Internet]. 2020 Jul 12 [cited 2020 Aug 29]. Available from:
https://www.livemint.com/news/india/world-s-first-covid-19-vaccine-russia-successfully-completes-clinical-trials-11594562159656.html
31. Kramer Andrew. Russia approves coronavirus vaccine before completing tests [Internet]. 2020 Jul 11 [cited 2020 Aug 29]. Available from:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/11/world/europe/russia-coronavirus-vaccine-approval.html
32. Caraway Ewen. Russia’s fast-track coronavirus vaccine draws outrage over safety [Internet]. 2020 Aug 11 [cited 2020 Sep 5]. Available from:
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02386-2
33. Haider S, Koshy J. Russian COVID-19 vaccine/Sputnik V is safe and effective, says RDIF CEO [Internet]. 2020 Aug 21 [cited 2020 Sep 5]. Available from:
https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/russian-covid-19-vaccine-sputnik-v-is-safe-and-effective-says-rdif-ceo/article32400451.ece
34. Flanagan C, Griffin R, Langreth R. coronavirus vaccine Trials Advance in Race for COVID-19 Protection [Internet]. 2020 Aug 14 [cited 2020 Sep 4]. Available from:
https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2020-coronavirus-drug-vaccine-status/
35. Russia’s RDIF and Prominent Government Lab Progress. COVID-19 vaccine: Production Facility Readed in the Moscow Region [Internet]. 2020 Jun 10 [cited 2020 Sep 5]. Available from:
https://www.trialsitenews.com/russias-rdif-prominent-government-lab-progress-covid-19-vaccine-production-facility-readied-in-the-moscow-region/
36. An Open Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of “GAM-COVID-Vac Lyo” vaccine against COVID-19. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of Russian Federation [Internet]. 2020 Aug 12 [cited 2020 Sep 4]. Available from:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04437875
37. Russian COVID-19 Vaccine latest update: Video shows how Sputnik V will end coronavirus [Internet]. 2020 Aug 20 [cited 2020 Sep 5]. Available from:
https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/russian-vaccine-sputnik-latest-updates-6558625/
38. Chaudhury Dipanjan. India among 20 countries interested in obtaining COVID-19 vaccine from Russia [Internet]. 2020 Aug 12 [cited 2020 Sep 5]. Available from:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-among-20-countries-interested-in-obtaining-covid-19-vaccine-from-russia/articleshow/77486571.cms
39. Guidelines for Yoga Practitioners for COVID-19. Government of India. Ministry of Ayush [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from:
https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/yoga-guidelines.pdf
40. Falkenberg R.I, Eising C, Peters M.L. Yoga and immune system functioning: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Behavioral Medicine [Internet]. 2018 Feb 10 [cited 2020 Aug 11]; 41(4):467-482. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323106988_Yoga_and_immune_system_functioning_a_systematic_review_of_randomized_controlled_trials
41. Shirvani H, Rostamkhani F. Exercise considerations during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: A Narrative Review. Journal of Military Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Apr 14 [cited 2020 Aug 11]; 22(2): 161-168. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340634089_Exercise_Considerations_During_Coronavirus_Disease_COVID-19_Outbreak_A_Narrative_Review
42. Chopra D, Bushell W, Castle R, Williams M, Tanzi R, Kimberly C. Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19:A Brief Overview of Key Subjects. The Journal of Alternative And Complimentary Medicines [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 11]; 1-10. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342426738_Meditation_and_Yoga_Practices_as_Potential_Adjunctive_Treatment_of_SARS-CoV-2_Infection_and_COVID-19_A_Brief_Overview_of_Key_Subjects
43. Gard T, Noggle J, Park C, Vago D, Wilson A. Potential self-regulatory mechanisms of yoga for psychological health. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience [Internet]. 2014 Sep 30 [cited 2020 Aug 9]; 8(article 770): 1-20. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179745/
44. List of COVID-19 essential Medical Devices (MDs and IVDs) [Internet]. 2020 Jun 8 [cited 2020 Sep 17]. Available from:
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/list-covid-19-essential-medical-devices_en.pdf
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Badjatya, J. K., Pooja Chaudhari, and A. Bheda. “Prevention, Treatment and Cure for COVID-19”. International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Vol. 8, no. 3, Sept. 2020, pp. 36-55, doi:10.22270/ijdra.v8i3.406.
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