Overview of Drug Approval Process and Post Approval Changes in Europe

  • Sakshi A Navale Department of Regulatory Affairs, SNJBs Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, 423101, Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
  • Ganesh D. Basarkar

Abstract

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is facilitate development and access to medicine, evaluating applications for marketing authorization, monitoring the safety of medicines across their lifecycle and providing information to healthcare professionals and patients.


In order to obtain a marketing authorization in Europe, a medicine must meet a number of criteria before it can be filed with the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This article is looks at the EMA’s Drug approval process and post approval changes. The decentralized regulatory body, or EMA, is in charge of overseeing the safety of food and drug (pharmaceutical products) in Europe. The applications are examined, and member state looks over the safety and effectiveness data before approving the drug.  EU establishes 4 different drug approval processes:


1)      National Procedure


2)      Decentralized Procedure


3)      Centralized Procedure


4)      Mutual Recognition Procedure


The goal of the current study is to clarify the function of post-approval change management in preventing non-compliance. The current study has concentrated on locating the current regulations and practices in this field and comprehending the fundamental ideas for post approval compliance for licenses relevant to marketing permission. Though change management is essential to a pharmaceutical's lifespan that is the study's main finding. However, the expense of compliance has escalated due to a lack of a clearly defined framework and a lack of understanding of the same, which has led to step-motherly treatment being applied to compliance and license maintenance.


Conclusion


Europe has the highest thought-due approval rates worldwide. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) aims to guarantee that patients in the EU have access to medicines that are of the highest caliber, are reliable, and are secure. Public regulatory agencies have the responsibility of ensuring that pharmaceutical firms follow the law. In order to ensure patient safety and well-being, laws mandate that pharmaceuticals be created, tested, tracked, and manufactured in compliance with the standards. A guideline, in addition to the European legislation that defines variation types, gives out a harmonized list of anticipated variations with categorization codes. A defined list of variations for European


A MA has existed since 1998. Legislation has been amended on a regular basis, and the most recent amendment, in August 2013, made implementation mandatory at the national level, and the variation process was totally harmonized across the EU.

Keywords: EMA, Drug approval, post approval changes, Market Authorization, Decentralized Procedure, National Procedure, Centralized Procedure, Mutual Recognition Procedure

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Marketing Authorization Procedure for Pharmaceuticals in Europe [Internet]. Singapore: crevedo; 2019 Nov 30 [cited 2023 Sept 27]. Available from:
https://credevo.com/articles/2019/11/30/marketing-authorization-procedure-for-pharmaceuticals-in-europe
2. European medicine Agency; About as [Internet].Netherland: European Medicine Agency; 2018 Jul 18 [cited 2023 Sept 27].Available from:
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/about-us-european-medicines-agency-ema_en.pdf
3. The European regulatory system for medicine. [Internet].UK; European Medicine Agency; 2019 Aug [cited 2023 Sept 27]. Available from: https://ecpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ecpc-get-involved-EMA-the-european-regulatory-system-for-medicines-2.pdf
4. Organization chart. [Internet].Netherland; European Medicine Agency; 2022 Jul 1[cited 2023 Sept 27]. Available from:
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/organisation-chart-european-medicines-agency_en.pdf
5. Kashyap NU, Gupta V, Raghunandan H. Comparison of Drug Approval Process in United States & Europe. Journal of Petroleum Science Research [Internet].2013 [Cited 2023 September 27]; 5(6):135.Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263657519_Comparison_of_Drug_Approval_Process_in_United_States_Europe
6. Chakraborty K. A New Drug Approval Process in Europe: A Review. International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs [Internet]. 15 Sept 2019 [cited 2023 Sept 28]; 7(3):21-29.Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336088867_A_New_Drug_Approval_Process_in_Europe_A_Review
7. Gail A, Norman V. Drugs and Devices Comparison of European and U.S. Approval Processes [Internet]. 2016 Aug [cited 2023 Sept 28]; 1(5):399-412. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.06.003
8. Medicines approval system [Internet]. UK: Head of Medicine Agency; 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Sept 28]. Available from:
https://www.hma.eu/about-hma/medicines-approval-system.html
9. Vinay. Marketing Authorization Procedure for Pharmaceuticals in Europe [Internet]. SCRIBD [cited 2023 Sept 28]. Available from:
https://www.scribd.com/document/578561688/Marketing-Authorization-Procedure-For-Pharmaceuticals-In-Europe-Credevo-Articles
10. Ghalamkarpour A. Marketing authorization Procedures in the European Union – Making the right choice [Internet]. Docplayer; 2009 Nov [cited 2023 Sept 27]. Available from:
https://docplayer.net/20774792-Marketing-authorization-procedures-in-the-european-union-making-the-right-choice.html
11. Sawant AM, Mali DP, Bhagwat DA. Regulatory Requirements and Drug Approval Process in India, Europe and US. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs [Internet].2018[cited 2023 Sept 28]; 7: 210. Available from:
https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/regulatory-requirements-and-drug-approval-process-in-india-europe-and-us-2167-7689-1000210.pdf
12. The Drug approval process in EU [Internet]. Lifepronow; 2019 Dec 29 [cited 2023 Sept 28]. Available from:
https://lifepronow.com/2019/12/29/the-drug-approval-process-in-eu/
13. What are National, Mutual Recognition, Decentralized and Centralized Procedures? [Internet]. freyrsolutions; [cited 2023 Sept 28].Available from:
https://www.freyrsolutions.com/what-is-national-mutual-recognition-decentralized-centralized-procedures
14. Decentralized procedure [Internet]. European Medicine Agency; 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Sept 29]. Available from:
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/decentralised-procedure#:~:text=The%20procedure%20for%20authorising%20medicines,authorised%20in%20any%20Member%20State.
15. Drugs and Devices: Comparison of European and U.S. Approval Processes [Internet]. Science Direct; 2016 Aug [cited 2023 Sept 29]. Available from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X16300638?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=8103d850da963f38
16. Mondal S. Drug approval process for us, Europe and India [Internet]. Linkedin; 2022 Oct 10 [cited 2023 Sept 29]. Available from:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/drug-approval-process-us-europe-india-shouvik-mondal/
17. Anjan K, Mahapatra, Sameeraja NH, Murthy P.N. Drug Approval Process – In United States of America, European Union and India: A Review. Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials & Regulatory Affairs [Internet].2014 Jan 23[cited 2023 Sept 29]; 1: 13-22. Available from:
https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/58784
18. Narayan S. Agarwal G. Review on: pharmaceutical drug regulatory affairs & regulatory Requirement for drug’s approval in India, US & Europe market. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2020 Apr 10 [cited 2023 Sept 29];10(4):602. Available from:
https://zenodo.org/record/3819905
19. Regulatory approval pathways: EU Vs. US [Internet]. Amcrasto; 2021 Oct 5[cited 2023 Sept 29]. Available from: https://amcrasto.wordpress.com/2016/04/20/regulatory-approval-pathways-eu-vs-us/
20. Regulatory procedures [Internet]. Austria: Michor Consulting [cited 2023 Sept 29] Available from:
https://www.michor-consulting.eu/regulatory-affairs-consulting/pharmaceutical-drugs/regulatory-procedures.php
21. Flintrop J, Breuer S. Drug approval and early benefit assessment in Germany [Internet]. Iqwig [cited 2023 Sept 29]. Available from:
https://www.iqwig.de/en/presse/in-the-focus/new-drugs-approval-benefit-assessment-coverage/1-drug-approval-and-early-benefit-assessment-in-germany/#:~:text=If%20a%20pharmaceutical%20company%20wants,insurance%20(SHI)%20funds%2C%20and
22. Staber G, Engin-Deniz E, Kaindl P, Reich-Rohrwig Hainz. Distribution and marketing of drugs in Austria: overview [Internet]. Austria: Thomson Reuters; 2019 Oct 1[cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from:
https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com
23. Paál TL, Káldor A, Fäller K. Drug evaluation and registration in Hungary [Internet]. Bethesda: National Library of Medicine [cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3360964/#:~:text=The%20procedure%20follows%20several%20steps,Committee%20on%20Medical%20Research%20Ethics%20(
24. Authorization of medicinal products [Internet]. Italian Medicines Agency [cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from: https://www.aifa.gov.it/en/autorizzazione-dei-farmaci
25. Sharma V. Iceland no longer approving variations to EU's centralized procedure drugs [Internet]. London: Pink Sheet; 2011 May 31[cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from: https://pink.citeline.com/PS116225/Iceland-no-longer-approving-variations-to-EUs-centralised-procedure-drugs
26. Brizmohun N. New EU Filings [Internet]. London: Pink Sheet; 2023 Sep 29 [cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from: https://pink.citeline.com/PS148919/New-EU-Filings
27. Mehta DR. Regulatory dossier submission and review process in Europe [Internet]. Ahmedabad: Nirma University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from:
https://www.nujps.com/regulatory-dossier-submission-and-review-process-in-europe/
28. Todic M. Dossier for marketing authorization in the European union [Internet]. Sarajevu: PubMed; 2003 Apr [cited 2023 Sept 30]. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7555427_Dossier_for_marketing_authorization_in_the_European_union
29. Kumar P, Yadhav Y, Kaushik D. Post-Approval Changes in Pharmaceuticals: Regulatory Perspectives in Europe [Internet]. Bentham Science; 2015 [cited 2023 Sept 30]; 2(2): 60-68. Available from:
https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/71057#:~:text=In%20Europe%2C%20variations%20are%20classified,approval%20letter%20from%20the%20agency.
30. Trivedi A, Deshpande S, Zaveri M, Jain P, Kolhe K. Regulatory Procedure of Post Approval Changes and Comparative Requirements of EU and USA Regulatory Regions. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International [Internet]. 2021 Oct 21[cited 2023 Sept 30]; 33(46B): 304-317. Available from:
https://journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/3756/7521
31. Lifecycle management: EU and US variation requirements [Internet]. London: TOPRA; 2017 Jan 20[cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from:
https://www.topra.org/topra/topra_member/pdfs/Lifecycle%20CPD%20-%20Jan%202017.pdf
32. Useni RM, Anand K. Variation filing procedure in Europe: A complete review. Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2023 Oct 2]; Vol.2:238-250.Available from:
https://www.caribjscitech.com/index.php/cjst/article/download/128/103
33. Official Journal of the European Union [Internet]. Luxemburg: European Union; Vol.56; 2013 Aug 12 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2013:223:FULL:EN:PDF
34. Variations [Internet]. Eupati [cited 2023 Oct 2].Available from:
https://learning.eupati.eu/mod/book/view.php?id=902&chapterid=851
35. Sailaja. EU Variation Guidance New [Internet]. SCRIBD [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from:
https://www.scribd.com/document/441463855/EU-Variation-Guidance-New
36. European variations for medicinal products for human use [Internet]. Paris: Bluereg; 2021 March [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from:
https://blue-reg.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/WP_European-variations-for-medicinal-products-for-human-use_February2021.pdf
37. Lokesh MS, Gupta N, Belagoankar B. Comparative Study of Process of Post Approval Change Application submission and Approval for Marketing Authorization Variations in EU, US, India, Saudi Arabia and Singapore. International journal Drug Development & Research [Internet]. 2015 March [cited 2023 Oct 2]; 7 (1): 10-22. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280736986_Comparative_Study_of_Process_of_Post_Approval_Change_Application_Submission_and_Approval_for_Marketing_Authorization_Variations_in_EU_US_India_Saudi_Arabia_and_Singapore
38. Hasen MA. Guideline on variations to marketing authorizations for medicinal products for human use [Internet]. Laegemiddelstyrelsen; 2022 Sep 15 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from:
https://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk/en/licensing/licensing-of-medicines/variations/~/media/91E9937FE9B04049871CA26653093B7C.ashx
39. Variation [Internet]. Cbg-meb; [cited 2023 Oct 3]. Available from:
https://english.cbg-meb.nl/topics/mah-variation
40. Information from European Union institutions and bodies Commission [Internet]. Information from European Union institutions and bodies; 2008 Dec 12 [cited 2023 Oct 3]. Available from:
https://www.sukl.sk/buxus/docs/Registracie/Tlaciva/classification_guideline_adopted.pdf
Statistics
111 Views | 203 Downloads
How to Cite
Navale, S. A., and G. D. Basarkar. “Overview of Drug Approval Process and Post Approval Changes in Europe”. International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Vol. 11, no. 4, Dec. 2023, pp. 1-15, doi:10.22270/ijdra.v11i4.627.